Principles of rotameterflowmeter when fluid or gas flows through a taper tube containing a float, a pressure difference of p1 and p2 is created between upper and lower side of the float. Increasing viscosities will limit the maximum attainable flow. Similarly, displacement is the time integral of velocity. Thermal mass flow working principle, theory and design. One advantage of these current meters is direct analog reading of velocity. Rotameter working principle animation instrumentationtools. The devices have been miniaturized, enabling direct measurement of ph inside of living cells. Consistent with principles of good laboratory practice, calibration is performed. It belongs to a class of meters called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by allowing the crosssectional area the fluid travels through, to vary, causing a measurable effect.
The meter will also compute the reactive power on 3phase, 4wire principle, with an accuracy as per relevant standards, and integrate the reactive energy algebraically into two separate registers, one for the period for which the average rms voltage is greater. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. He says the music was so loud it hurt his ears padatnya traffic juga bisa mempengaruhi modem untuk sering disco, terutama pada peak time. A rotameter is a device that measures the flow rate of liquid or gas in a closed tube rotameter. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. This shall help in transferring the same energy parameters being recorded inside the meters on pulse output as well for scada application at remote distance. Mar 10, 2016 working principle of turbine flow meter 1. The current meter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. This instrument operates on the principle of series resonance i. Fundamentals of multipath ultrasonic flow meters for gas.
Increasing viscosities will limit the maximum attainable flow rate. Why we do not directly calculate power factor in an ac circuit just by dividing the power with product of current and voltage because these readings can. This principle applies regardless of whether the fluid is a liquid, gas, or slurry. We know that velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to time. What is and how does a variable area flowmeter work. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning capacitance, q and c1, are read, the sample foils are then connected tothe q meter cap terminals ai.
A ph meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogenion activity in waterbased. Measurement of velocity by currentmeter with diagram. So, it was all about the working of rotameter flow meter which is regarded as the most useful industrial material. The atraction between the magnet and the magnetic steel pulls the two together. The float rises within the tube as the flow increases.
Trivector meters are normally used in substations and to measure the power flowing through the feeders. Due to its operating principle the rotameter is usually installed in vertical. Volumetric measurements are affected by all ambient and process conditions that influence unit volume or indirectly affect pressure drop, while mass flow measurement is unaffected by changes in viscosity. Turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type.
This mechanical principle is as simple as it is reliable. Aug 09, 2011 we know that velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to time. Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. The working principle of these meters is the same as the pipeline electromagnetic flowmeter, which is more fully described in chapter 14. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Electronic trivector meter, er300p pride is a multipurpose unit which integrate several functions and replace various equipments for metering energy parameters. The flowing fluid engages the rotor causing it to rotate at an angular velocity proportional to the fluid flow rate.
May 15, 2018 before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. Turbine flow meter turbine flow meter is a type of measurement meter, which is use for measure of flow and provide exceptionally accurate and reliable digital outputs. Thermal mass flow working principle, theory and design thermal mass flow meters measure the mass flowrate of gases and liquids directly. It consumes a small amount of power, typically around 2 watts. This accuracy can often be improved when the meter is calibrated under more defined conditions, such as. These current meters can also measure crossflow and are directional. Basically, magnetic pulloff gages use a magnet, a calibrated spring, and a scale. Free download ebooks they ranged from the player will receive a reward car after leveling up until reaching level 50. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminium disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. When the meter is lowered in water and when it faces the current of water in the channel the wheel rotates. Thermal mass flow measurement this thesis presents a comprehensive static model for a capillary type thermal mass flow sensor for gases using such a sensor, a meter is constructed which measures gas mass flow by means of a bypass arrangement which ensures a constant flow ratio between the sensor and the meters mam flow element. What is the basic working principle of tri vector meter answer sourav dutta this is a instrument, which measures kvah and also kva of maximum demand. The float moves upwards by a force obtained by multiplying the pressure differential by the maximum cross sectional area of the float. This free area is related to the flow rate, the weight of the float and the density and viscosity of the fluid.
In principle the working of the two types is based on the same theory and can be outlined as mentioned below. The variable area flow meter for gases is highly dependent on the pressure in the measuring tube. Dds102j1 single phase electronic energy meter register display ddsy102k3 single phase electronic type prepayment energy meter ddsy102k7 single phase electronic type microwireless energy meter. Variable area flowmeter ariable area flowmeter rotameter. Transittime ultrasonic flow meter details of the working.
The float moves upwards by a force obtained by multiplying the pressure differential by. The working principles and design of turbine flow meters are well documented. History principle construction of a ph meter types of ph meter types of probe electrode. Singlephase smart distribution test and measurement instruments. When applying the above equation to magnetic flowmeters, the number of turns n and the strength of the magnetic field b are fixed. Working principle of turbine flow meter linkedin slideshare. Jul 25, 2018 the principle of working and construction of induction type meter is very simple and easy to understand thats why these are widely used in measuring energy in domestic as well as industrial world. The principle of working and construction of induction type meter is very simple and easy to understand thats why these are widely used in measuring energy in domestic as well as industrial world. The fluid flows up through the tapered tube forcing the float to a position with sufficient free area to enable the flow to pass. Basic principle, working and instrumentation of experimental. With comparatively low pressure drop for inline meters, turbine flow meters deliver unprecedented accuracy. The angular velocity of the rotor results in the generation of an electrical signal ac sine wave type in the pickup. All we have to do is add an integrating circuit to the velocity transducer arrangement.
Here, the magnitude of the amplifier is not a critical factor, its gain should be large. Velocity transducersensor,working,measurement,circuit diagram. Nov, 2014 the meters are also intrinsically and essentially self cleaning in view of the fact that the flow of liquid or gas amid the tube wall and the float offers a scouring action which daunts the upsurge of foreign material. Plot results from both flow rates on the same graph. Practical aspects of turbine flow meters calibration and uvc. For simple and costeffective flow measurement of gases or liquids without auxiliary power.
Measurement principle laminar flow elements are measurement instruments for the actual volume flow and are working according the hagenpoiseuille law. The trivector meter is a measuring instrument which measures the kw, kvar, the kva of a power line. Viscous drag also contributes to the pressure drop across the turbine meter. Working principle of ph sensor electrode and ph meter used in quality control and manufacturing area. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor meter. Variable area flowmeters for simple and costeffective flow measurement of gases or liquids without auxiliary power glass and metal tube purgemeters for lowflow applications principle of operation. The natural vibration frequency of the tubes is determined by.
That is, they measure the velocity of the gas within the meter body. A transittime flow meter is based on the time difference between upstream and downstream sound propagation intervals. The faradays law becomes the faradays law becomes where d is the distance between the two electrodes the length of conductor, and v is the flow velocity. The meters are also intrinsically and essentially self cleaning in view of the fact that the flow of liquid or gas amid the tube wall and the float offers a scouring action which daunts the upsurge of foreign material. A reference meter, also known as a standard or master, determines the absolute or true volume. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor. Flowing through them with air or other gases is creating because of the viscose friction of the gas a permanent pressure drop or loss across the lfe. Detection of liquid concentrations by optical means was already known in antiquity. Even though there are several designs of ultrasonic meters on the market today, the principle of operation remains the same. Inductance and capacitance measurements c voltage source r limiting amplifier dc voltmeter phase detector in this scheme, we measure the phase difference between the input voltage, vin and the voltage across the series resistance. Figure 1 ultrasonic flow meter ultrasonic meters are velocity meters by nature. These instruments can measure both power as well as energy.
Practical aspects of turbine flow meters calibration and. What is the basic working principle of tri vector meter. Glass and metal tube purgemeters for lowflow applications meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. Magnetic flowmeters, also known as electromagnetic flowmeters or induction flowmeters, obtain the flow velocity by measuring the changes of induced voltage of the conductive fluid passing across a controlled magnetic field a typical magnetic flowmeter places electric coils around inline model near insertion model the pipe of the flow to be measured and sets up a pair of. Transittime ultrasonic flow meter details of the working principle a transittime flow meter is based on the time difference between upstream and downstream sound propagation intervals. In all induction meters we have two fluxes which are produced by two different alternating currents on a metallic disc. The position of the control valve must be considered thereby see also valve at the inlet or outlet.
The key to the success of the use of bills of quantities is a clear understanding by all parties to the contract of what is included, or excluded, in the measurement. Thus, a velocity transducer can be used to find the displacement of an object. Transittime ultrasonic flow meter details of the working principle. A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. In this chapter, a brief description of basic principle, working and experimental set up of instrumentation used for studying structural, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of synthesized undoped and magnetic mn, ni and co doped cds nanoparticles are described and listed below. Before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. Usbr water measurement manual chapter 10 current meters. This type of flowmeters consists of a float inside a conical tube. Due to alternating fluxes there is an induced emf, the emf produced at one. The direct approach to mass flow measurement emerson. The currentmeter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working.
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